Industry Key words


·         BARB - The Broadcasters' Audience Research Board is the organisation that compiles audience measurement and television ratings in the United Kingdom.

·         WEBCASTING LICENSE - If you operate a service that streams sound recordings online, then you will need a Webcasting Licence; Allows you to webcast as a service.

·         TECHNOLOGICAL CONVERGENCE - Technological convergence is the tendency that as technology changes, different technological system sometimes evolve toward performing similar tasks.

·         WEB 3.O OR SEMANTIC WEB - a proposed development of the World Wide Web in which data in web pages is structured and tagged in such a way that it can be read directly by computers.

·         INTERNET OF THINGS - The Internet of things is the network of physical devices, vehicles, home appliances and other items embedded with electronics, software, sensors, actuators, and network connectivity which enables these objects to connect and exchange data.

·         BINGE-VIEWING - watch multiple episodes of (a television programme) in rapid succession, typically by means of DVDs or digital streaming.

·         DAB - Digital audio broadcasting is a digital radio standard for broadcasting digital audio radio services, used in countries across Europe, the Middle East and Asia Pacific.

·         TRADITIONAL MEDIA - television, radio, newspapers, magazines, newsletters, tax press and other print publications.

·         GOOGLE ANALYTICS - a freemium web analytics service offered by Google that tracks and reports website traffic.

·         RAJAR - stands for Radio Joint Audience Research and is the official body in charge of measuring radio audiences in the UK. It is jointly owned by the BBC and the Radiocentre on behalf of the commercial sector.

·         NRS - The National Readership Survey is a joint venture company in the UK between the Institute of Practitioners in Advertising, the Newspaper Publishers Association and the Periodical Publishers Association.

·         MIDAS - Midas Media is a digital marketing agency that focuses on content marketing, search engine optimization, social media marketing

·         CULTURAL IMPERIALISM - Cultural imperialism comprises the cultural aspects of imperialism. Imperialism here refers to the creation and maintenance of unequal relationships between civilizations, favoring the more powerful civilization.

·         DEMOCRATISATION OF THE MASS MEDIA - the introduction of a democratic system or democratic principles in the mass media.

·         EFFECTS OF PIRACY – the effects of the unauthorized use or reproduction of another's work.

·         HORIZONTAL INTEGRATION - Horizontal integration is the process of a company increasing production of goods or services at the same part of the supply chain. A company may do this via internal expansion, acquisition or merger.

·         VERTICAL INTEGRATION - the combination in one firm of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate firms.

·         DIVERSIFICATION - the action of making or becoming more diverse or varied.

·         ALTERNATIVE MEDIA - Alternative media are media that differ from established or dominant types of media in terms of their content, production, or distribution.

·         CONGLOMERATE - a thing consisting of a number of different and distinct parts or items that are grouped together

·         GRA - Games Rating Authority

·         PEGI - Pan European Game Information is a European video game content rating system established to help European consumers make informed decisions when buying video games or apps through the use of age recommendations and content descriptors.

·         MEDIAWATCH UK - formerly known as the National Viewers' and Listeners' Association (National VALA or NVLA), is a pressure group in the United Kingdom, which campaigns against the publication and broadcast of media content that it views as harmful and offensive, such as violence, profanity, sex, homosexuality and blasphemy.

·         IPSO - Independent Press Standards Organisation.

·         WATERSHED - an event or period marking a turning point in a situation.

·         OFCOM - The Office of Communications, commonly known as Ofcom, is the UK government-approved regulatory and competition authority for the broadcasting, telecommunications and postal industries of the United Kingdom.

·         MEDIAWATCH - is a media monitoring organization

·         BBC CHARTER - The BBC Charter established the BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation). An accompanying Agreement recognises its editorial independence and sets out its public obligations in detail. Each Charter has run for ten years.

·         SYNERGY - the interaction or cooperation of two or more organizations, substances, or other agents to produce a combined effect greater than the sum of their separate effects.

·         PSB - public service broadcasting refers to broadcasting intended for public benefit rather than to serve purely commercial interests

·         BROADCAST CODE - was a set of ethical standards adopted by the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB) for television.

·         IWF - The Internet Watch Foundation is a registered charity based in Cambridgeshire, England. It states that its remit is "to minimise the availability of 'potentially criminal' Internet content.

Film essay: Marketing


Essay on Marketing/Circulation
Disney is a conglomerate and one of the largest. A conglomerate is a mixture of two or corporations which come under one main firm. Disneys conglomerate consists of : Disney, ABC, ESPN, Lucas film, marvel. Disney is part of the BIG 6. The Big 6 are an oligopoly. They are the 6 main companies that produce media.

Jon Favreau introduced the film via social media and also introduced it by promoting it at Disney’s Animal Kingdom. They also released three teaser trailers in the lead up to the releasing of the film in cinemas. Disney have steered away from using animation and into more real life films so older audiences would be more interested as they may find animations childish. For example, Disney has done this with Cinderella and Beauty and the Beast. Also with films like Pirates and the Caribbean use more violent themes to attract older audiences.Disney circulated photographs of paired actors with their onscreen characters, ESPN, Snapchat to create a living poster, Kenzo.

The differences with the length of the trailer are that the new one is longer as it has to fill the advert space on tv. Then the atmosphere is strangly different with mood a lot tenser and every thing more viscous and wanting to attract more varied audience. Back in 1967, the ‘old’ jungle book used famous jazz singers to promote the film. This was because the Jazz singers produced the soundtrack in Jungle Book. However, for the new Jungle Book, they used actors to promote because if people saw a famous actor they liked in the trailer, they would most likely go and see the film. Comparing the posters between the two productions of the jungle book you can see better technology to create the posters, making them more realistic and emotive. Also, there are a range of posters created in 2016, where as in 1967 there was only 1 poster of poor quality. The new posters show all the different characters, however, if you put them together in the correct order they all fit together to make one larger poster.In the 1967 film, Walt Disney wanted swinging sixties bands such as the Beatles to play the characters of the vultures which is who they based the characters off of for the 1967 jungle book film. Disney Vault. The "Disney Vault" is the term used by Walt Disney Studios Home Entertainment for its policy of putting many of its most popular home video releases of Walt Disney Animation Studios's animated features on moratorium.The re-release of the Jungle book in 2016 after the 2 previous release help to create the extreme success that has been surrounded the film as Disney itself. The film was also released onto VHS to appeal to the older audience.
Conclusion

To conclude, marketing has obviously changed. You could argue that with its licensing deals with Kenzo and its focus on aggressively targeting a secondary audience to build profits on the back of a family audience who always turn out for Disney films you could argue that Disney have grown smarter and more precise with their planning, however we must also not forget that there are still lots of similarities between the two eras, for example the use of stars and red carpet premieres to promote a film remains in place as does the creation of character posters and trailers as the fundamental basics of  Disney marketing so to me what is  forgotten is that Disney as a conglomerate have always been a master at marketing, it is why they are the number one entertainment conglomerate in the world and  yes some of the practices have changed but the whole reason why there was new version of The Jungle Book in the first place was because of the success of the first film, a success driven by an effective marketing campaign.

Film essay: Distribution

Distribution
Disney is the world’s 2nd largest conglomerate (a combination of two or more corporations) following Comcast who are Disney’s biggest competition at the moment. The company control film makers such as marvel, Pixar, and Walt Disney productions. Distribution is very important part of modern day media as it will have a huge factor on what type of audience and how many people will be available to watch it, for example Disney sell licenses on Netflix and sky. This helps distribute the film around and make everything easy to watch. Distribution is changing the world because people are more likely to go online and watch a film instead of buy it because there are so many options on how to watch it. It’s very important because without it your film wouldn’t sell. As media has changed over the years, distribution has gotten easier, for example we have social media which is a popular choice for adverts and advertising upcoming films. They wouldn’t have had this luxury in the 20th century which would make it harder to distribute. McDonalds was one of Disney’s sponsors. Disney collaborated with McDonalds and so Disney themed toys were put into happy meals in conjunction to the latest film release from Disney. This advertised Disney’s latest films and encouraged children to want to go and see the film that is coming out. McDonald’s would also benefit as some children will encourage their parents to buy a happy meal purely for the toy inside. Disney distributed their films through posters and billboards, a lot of posters would have been sent around the country to attract everyone. Also they would have shown Disney films in cinemas across the Country as it would have not been on DVD or the internet yet. The new releases of old films bring and invites new audiences together. The film is now the 39th to reach the $900 million milestone.  “The Jungle Book” blew past forecasts in its opening weekend, grossing $103.6 million in the U.S. during April 15-17. Advantages of these are that it means it targets a wider audience.
Conclusion

To conclude it is important to stress the importance of distribution to a conglomerate like Disney. Without effective distribution patterns films could easily underachieve profit wise for example but it must be remembered that distribution cannot be seen in isolation because it can quite easily be linked to the principle of synergy, as one business theorist states ‘industries rely on repetition through use of stars, genres, franchises, repeatable narratives and so on to sell formats to audiences, then industries try to impose scarcity to keep demand high.’ This is very true of Disney who with the original Jungle Book 1967 found himself with limited avenues of distribution – namely TV  and film, thus to keep The Jungle Book characters fresh in the minds of audiences the company created other programmes and ancillary products from 1967  to the early 2000’s to keep alive the idea of the characters so that in the future there could be a potential remake or reboot of the original film, these other programmes included Talespin, a cartoon starring many of the characters from the original film and Jungle Cubs – another cartoon which explored Baloo, Shere Khan and other characters’ lives as children, the aim of these products were to not only to keep audiences entertained but to keep the Jungle Book franchise fresh and active although more importantly , a means by which one media product can promote another media product by the same company, a term called synergy `and one which will only improve with the creation of Disney’s new streaming service in 2019.

Jungle Book Fact sheet



Film industry / Disney intro



Pre Production: Plan
Production: Shooting
Post production: editing
Marketing & distribution: Advertising
Exhibition: Cinema release
Exchange: Tv release


Conglomerate: Two or more companies engage in a Multi-industry company.

The big six:

-Timewarner
-Disney
-Universal
-Sony
-fox
-Paramount

Ownership: Different film companies owning each other and providing each other with money ideas for film & finance.

Vertical integration: When the production company has ownership of the means of production, distribution and exhibition of the film by the same company as they receive all of the profit.

Horizontal integration: When the production company expands into other areas of one industry. It can acquire or merges with other companies that do the same thing to help eliminate competition. The profits will be shared amongst each company.




What do film producers have to consider before making a film?

-Will it make a profit?
-Will it attract audiences?

Why we use media:
-Personal identification - Relate to the media
-Information - To learn (e.g. documentaries)
-Entertainment - What is liked
-Social interaction - Community

In audience, there is a shift from push media (Where producers push media at us and we receive and consume it) to pull media (Where we decide what we want to do with the media and access it in ways that suit us.)

People are now making and distributing their own videos much more - gone from a value chain (Products are made and distributed to audiences) to social network (complex systems where producers and consumers are mixed up.)
- By the 1st weekend of sales, you can tell how well the film is going to do.
- Making money from a film:
. Ticket sales/Cinema
.DVD's
.Merchandise
. Itunes/Online

Disney:
- Diversified multinational organisation.
- 2nd largest conglomerate (1st = Comcast)
- $150 billion business
- Networks (TV)
- Parks and resorts
- Studio entertainment
- Consumer products
- Interactive
- Vertically Integrated
- Horizontally integrated
- Walt Disney born in 1901 and died in 1966
- Snow White = Highest grossing film
- Treasure Island = 1st complete live action film
- Disney land opened in mid 50s
- 1995 = first feature film

The Jungle Book (1967):
- Complete Animation
- Set when India part of British Empire and fighting for freedom
- Famous for; fable, important characters, soundtrack (Beatles voiced)
- 19th animated feature
- Music made first then story put around it