Online, different perspectives - Task 3

http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5118189/Five-people-killed-stolen-car-crashes-tree.html

http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2017/11/26/five-killed-including-three-children-stolen-car-crashes-leeds/

	DAILY MAIL	THE DAILY TELEGRAPH
WHO WAS INVOLVED?	Ellis Kimmitt (12)  Elliot Kimmitt (14) Darnell Harte (15) Anthony Armour (28) Robbie Meerun (24)  2, 15 year olds	Ellis Thornton (12) Elliot Thornton (15) Darnell Harte (15) 2 men aged 24 and 28 2, 15 year olds
WHAT HAPPENED?	Renault Clio, stolen, crashed into a tree killing the 5 victims above.	Renault Clio, stolen, crashed into tree killing 5 victims
WHERE DID IT HAPPEN?	Stonegate road, Leeds	Stonegate road, Leeds
WHEN DID IT HAPPEN?	10pm, 25th November	10pm 25th November
HOW DID IT HAPPEN?	The car was stolen by two 15 year olds who are now in custody, they crashed into a tree killing 5 victims.	The car was stolen by two, 15 year olds who are now in custody, they crashed into a tree killing 5 people.
WHY DID IT HAPPEN?	The car was stolen and there were 7 people in the car.	The car was stolen and there were thought to have been 7 people in the car.

Newspaper, different perspectives - Task 2

	The Times	Daily Mirror
Who was involved?	Bidhya Sagar Das Twin toddlers DCI Dave Mihai Menea	Twins – Gabriel & Maria Bidhya Sagar Das (Dad) Christinela Das (Mum) Mihai Menea (neighbour)
What happened?	Man arrested after one-year-old boy is killed.	Dad was arrested after suspected hammer attack on twin toddlers that killed one and left the other one fighting for life.
Where did it happen?	Finsbury park, North London.	Hackney, North London
When did it happen?	Saturday evening, 11.10pm	11.10pm, Saturday 18/03/17
How did it happen?	Toddler was killed by getting hit with a hammer.	Dad hit toddler with Hammer.
Why did it Happen?	The dad has Mental issues.	Sometimes he’d  say ‘maybe they are not his children’ – Mental problems.

What do you notice about the difference in content and how the articles convey this information? Why do you think that is?

Overall, The Times shows less detail in the article by not going into much depth, for example, when explaining what happened, it states the main points whereas the Daily Mirror has more detail as the article is longer and includes quotes from people involved. This may be because the audience of the Daily Mirror might be more interested in the story so will want to know more information on what happened therefore, the paper would go into more depth to inform and please their audience. The Times may have an audience that may want to know what happened but do not want to know every detail so the Times might only briefly explain it so that their audience would not get bored as there is a lot of writing. A major difference between the two is that they both have different locations where the incident took place; The Times says Finsbury park whereas The Daily Mirror has it as Hackney. This may be because they sourced their information from different people. 

Newspaper audience response (Gerbner) - Task 1

George Gerbner: Argues that exposure to repeated patterns of representation over a long period of time can shape and influence the way in which people can receive the world around them.

Representation in Newspapers:

Newspapers including the following topics:
- Pro Corbyn
- Anti - Corbyn
- Pro May
- Anti - May
- Pro Trump
- Anti - Trump
- Pro Brexit
- Anti - Brexit
- Immigration
- Muslims
- Refugee Crisis.
- Free schools?
- Rich VS Poor ft. Grenfall
- NHS funding
- Strikes
- Mass Shooting
- US Gun Laws
- ISIS
















- How do the Newspapers represent the issues/ topics?

The newspapers above show all different, big topics and issues from different points of view based on whether they are left wing or right wing and also how biased they are. First of all, Jeremy Corbyn is presented in two different ways, pro Corbyn and Anti-Corbyn. The Daily Mirror has praised Corbyn by saying that his promises will be fulfilled but The Sun has gone against Corbyn by saying that he will ruin Britain if he becomes Prime Minister. Similarly, Theresa May is praised by the Daily express by calling her an 'Iron Lady' but the Daily Mirror has made May seem unappealing through the use of the bad photo and calling her 'Mrs U-turn.' Trump is divided between supporters such as The Daily Mail or opposition such as The Daily Mirror, each Newspaper has shown their opinion through the use of images, The Daily Mail portrays him as 'The people's President' by showing a flattering photo but The Daily Mirror has portrayed him as a disgrace to the USA by showing Lady Liberty, the icon of America, holding her head in her hands to show disappointment. Brexit is also a big topic that divided the newspapers, The sun was pro-Brexit showing that if you 'believe' in Britain then you should leave but the Daily Mirror was Anti-Brexit showing that if we remain then our future will be better. Different newspapers have different takes on topics such as Muslims, immigration, ISIS, guns, shootings, class, wealth etc. Some papers show the story in support for the people and victims, others show it from an outsider, political view which is government biased.

- How does the selection of images and language shape and influence the audience?

Audiences are easily influenced over repeated patterns shown by their favored Newspaper, for example, if you are a regular buyer of The Daily Mirror then you would influenced to support Corbyn, oppose Thersa May, be Anti-Trump and be Anti-Brexit. This is done because the paper shows their views through their chosen language and images so the readers see the topics from the papers biased point of view. For example, the readers of the Daily Mirror would continually see Theresa May in a bad light because the newspaper always shows pictures of her that are unflattering and put her in a bad position but they put flattering photos of Corbyn in the paper to praise him and put him in a good light. The Sun is very good at influencing and brain-washing their audience by using their headline gags to over-exaggerate (Cor-bin). This can influence the audience because they use their language to persuade and attract the reader by putting them in bold, often one word or few word headlines. The Sun often write their headlines in the victims point of view, for example, 'run', 'they told they were safe', etc. This attracts and influences readers as they see the stories from the readers point of view.

- What is the cumulative effect of these "repeated patterns or representation over long periods?" 

These repeated patterns over long periods of time can brain-wash audiences to side with what their paper says as the papers biased version of events is the one that their audiences believe that is true so therefore will believe in what their paper believes if they continue to read the same paper over long periods of time. This can decide how audiences vote, think and act in certain situations, papers can shape their readers political views so they have a big impact and responsibility on people's lives. It is easier to notice the political difference between papers if readers read a variety of Newspapers but if they only read one then they are easily indoctrinated to follow the papers beliefs.

Bias News examples

How to spot Bias in a newspaper...

-Bias through Pictures/graphics - E.g. Camera angles, captions.

This example shows Donald Trump when he won the presidency. The camera angle used is not very flattering towards him and makes him look unappealing giving the audience a biased negative perception of Trump. By using bias through pictures and graphics, the audience is being brain washed to see him in an unappealing light as the Guardian is anti-Trump.

-Bias through Word choice and tone in the body of the text. 

This example shows two newspaper front cover from the Sun which contain word choices that are Anti- Labour. The first paper uses negative words such as 'last,' 'leave,' and 'out.' By using these words, they are showing the Labour party in a negative light. In the second paper, it uses the word choice of 'monster.'

-Bias through choice of Journalist and sources - Who is writing it and what are their beliefs, and who have they got their information from?

This example shows an article written by a Daily mail reporter and Julian Robinson so obviously this article will be full of their opinion and their knowledge of the story so it is bias because they are using their own beliefs in the article so people reading may believe it is true. Also the quotes made about 'Mugabe' are largely negative towards him so this article is against him so is one sided as it is from the viewpoint of people against him so is very biased.

- Biased through where the article is in the paper - Is it prominent or hidden? Front page or far back?

This example shows a political article that is on page 28, in other papers this story might be nearer the front as is it about the Prime Minister but this paper has put it further back as they think it is less important showing bias.

-Bias through omission and selection - Whether the article is even published or not.

In this example, the paper on the right has a top story about schools begging parents to pay for pens but in the paper on the left on the same day, they do not publish this story as they think it is not important so they are biased because they aren't showing their audience the story.

 - Bias by headline

This example shows The Sun with a biased headline against Labour and Jeremy Corbyn. The Sun is very well known for putting puns in their headlines and make their readers seeing the worst if they want them too. In this example they are persuading the audience to vote against Labour.

-Bias by use of names and titles - E.g. 'terrorist' or 'freedom fighter'? 'Ex con' or 'someone who served a sentence a long time ago.'

This example shows yet another bias by The Sun as they are largely biased in their writing. In this example, they do not called the Prime Minister by her full name which would be respectful but a nickname of Theresa Dismay which plays on her last name to show a negative appearance for her by changing her name. This is largely biased as it persuades the audience to see her in a negative light.

-Bias through statistics and Crowd counts - E.g. 'A hundred injured in air crash' or 'Only Minor injuries in an Air crash.'

This example show the headline and intro to an article about a bus crash where they mention the amount or people killed and the amount of people injured showing bias because instead of saying only a few hurt, they say the actual figures. Making their readers know the extent of the crash.

Newspaper vs Online News Screencast

News article analysis

The structure of a News Article:

- Who is the story about?
- What is the story about?
- Where did the story happen?
- When did the story take place?
- Why did the story happen?

- Further details/quotes.

- Background/ opinion/ Future?

Construction of a news article...

Headline: The headline is used to entice the reader into wanting to read that article by putting the key interesting points in there. In this article, the main point of interest that is to lead the reader into wanting to read this is the word 'Moor' linking to the moor murders so then readers would want to read this to know what updates there are on the story and also as this is the future of the story, what the final actions are. The start of the headline also attracts the reader with the word 'fears' which would make the reader question what there is a fear of and why.
Intro: The into gives brief details into the story and gives the reader insurance that they will want to read on. In this article the intro is started by saying that the murderers ashes want to be released but only if the coroner is satisfied that they won't be spread on Saddleworth Moor. This will want to make the reader read on to find out what the decision was and if possible where they will end up being spread if released.
Focus: The focus is the part of the article which is the centre of the information. In this case, the murder, Brady is the focus of the article as it is all about him, his ashes, his murders, his future etc. This will interest readers who are curious about the Moor's murders and also the people who were alive around that time to see what will happen to his ashes.
Narrative: The narrative is the part of the article that gives extra information for the reader to understand what is going on. In this case, the use of facts is used to explain the context of why this Brady guy is so important so gives his context and what happened. Also, the use of quotes to let the reader get an idea of what is happening at the present time.
Structure: The structure of the article is all to do with the how the facts and information is presented and in what order. Usually in articles, the most important information is put at the start of the article and the less important information is put at the back of the article. In this article, the important information is what will happen to his ashes and the coroners decision so it is put at the front of the article. The less important information is the context of how he died so is put at the back of the article.

Article Analysis...
The Daily Mirror online, 16/11/17, The Greek Floods

Language	Content	Style	Values & attitudes	Photos	Headlines
-Examples of language that stands out...	What is included/missed out? Explain...	Chatty/formal serious/funny Sentence length...	Biased?...	Shots included? Why? Edited?...	Kind of headline? Techniques...
Around 20 words per sentence. The article is about a natural disaster so words are all surrounding negative connotations with words such as victims, horrendous, dramatic, torrential, abandoned, raging, inundated etc. All words to make the reader feel sorry for the victims.	All details are included about what caused the flooding (the storm, Ophelia), victims dead and injured, footage of the storm, damage made, victim's stories, authority response, photos of the destruction. Could have included what is being done for the future and what will happen to the victims who are homeless now and also state intervention.	The article is serious so largely formal but because it's the mirror, it contains some informal language. The sentences are quite long compared to other articles and contain facts, quotes, stories, details etc. It is not as full of statistics as other papers who have cover this story as it is a tabloid and is normally for people who aren't as educated.	The daily mirror is left wing so comments made are against the state and making the leaders look bad as they aren't doing as much as they should be shown by its harsh language to make the government look guilty after this natural disaster and how they could have prevented more deaths if they had a longer warning.	All the shots included are of disaster sense which include panicked victims to show the extent of the damage and how serious the story is. They show homes destroyed, cars flipped over and streets flooded so the audience can see what has happened. They have edited these to focus on the main damage.	The headline is... 'Dramatic footage of "biblical disaster" Greek floodwaters that have killed 15 people show cars and lorries floating away.' This headline contains key information and the point that there is footage and photos that attract readers as they want to see these photos as they are curious. The quote also attracts readers.

http://www.mirror.co.uk/news/world-news/dramatic-footage-biblical-disaster-greek-11531272

Online News

Advantages:
- When online, you do not have to pay, so it's free whereas physical papers, you have to buy.
- They are updated regularly all through the day to give you the breaking news.
- There is more of a variety of different news.
- There is unlimited space whereas in papers there is only enough to fill the paper.
- Online is interactive in a way that you can watch videos.
- There is immediacy, you can get it up quickly.
- There is easier navigation to find the stories you prefer.
- There is audience contribution through the comments.
- There is participation in the comments where opinions are stated and discussions started.
- It cannot be ruined whereas a paper can get ripped, water damage etc.
- It can be edited, if there is a mistake it can be fixed.
- There is easy access as you only have to type in the website.
- You can read in the dark from the light of the screen.
- You can get notifications when there is breaking news.

Disadvantages:
- Some readers prefer to physically have the paper in their hands and turn the pages.
- You need internet to access the website.
- You need to have a phone/tablet/laptop/computer etc. to access it.
- You need connection otherwise you cannot get on the site.
- There is a chance that there could be 'fake news' which would spark negative discussion.
- The site can be hacked at any time so can be ruined internally.
- There is a chance of troll comments which could upset some readers.
- Some comments can take away from the actual news story.
- More people skim the news so don not take in the journalists writing as they have no time.
- Usually not for the older generation who are a large audience of the news.
- It is unhealthy to stare at a screen for a long period of time.
- There are distractions from advertisement like pop up ads which annoy readers.

Bias in the news: Political affiliations

Right Wing:
- Conservative Supporters, UKIP, BNP
- The Daily Mail, The Telegraph, The Times, The Sun.
- 'You earn what you work for and should keep what you earn.'
- Survival of the fittest/richest/best educated
- Believe in privatisation of things like health care, education etc.
- Do not want a Welfare State - i.e. benefits etc.
- In favour of Brexit
- Anti - immigration
- Many voted against equal rights for gay people, some have 'traditional' views of women and pay.
- Often tied to the Church and Christian belief.

The Middle:
- Liberal Democrats
- The Independent
- Support aspects of both Right Wing and Left Wing.

Left Wing:
- Labour Party, Green Party, Socialist Worker Party, Communism
- The Guardian, The Mirror.
- Believe in spreading the wealth - More equality.
- Taxation for the rich to pay for support for the poor.
- Support nationalisation - Public health, State education etc.
- Pro - Europe, Against Brexit.
- Pro - Multi-culture (Pro-immigration)
- Pro - gay marriage, woman's rights etc.
-Pro environment and worried about climate change

The UK Press:

Described as... "Largely run by a very small group of right-wing media moguls who defend the status-quo of which they are part. If you are on the left and want to change society, the media will always come and get you." - Owen Jones, Guardian reporter - March 2017.

Newspapers are biased through...

-Selection and omission
-Placement
-Headline
-Photos, captions and camera angles
-Names and Titles
- Statistics and Crowd counts
- Source Control
-Word Choice and Tone

Semiotic analysis of newspaper front covers

The Daily Mirror:
The Masthead: The Mast head includes the newspaper name, 'DAILY Mirror' which has connotations that the paper is reflecting the news onto its readers. The word daily implies that the paper is given out daily showing that the news is updated daily to bring the audience the latest news, it is written in block capitals to make the reader look at it so that they are aware that they can buy it everyday. The word suggests the idea of reflection, that they are reflecting the news straight to its audience so it is reliable, trustworthy and true. The Masthead also includes the date and in this edition a poppy to show that they are respecting remembrance day.
Language: This paper's front cover shows that you don't need to be well-educated in order to read this paper as it is very informal and shows a balance between serious news (E.g. the Queen's tax scandal) but also news containing gossip, celebrities and entertainment  showing qualities of a usual red top tabloid. The uses various techniques that are expected of a Tabloid such as quotations straight from the people included, as well as some interesting wording to make the headlines seem more appealing to read on. The language used in headlines are extreme and over exaggerated to make the stories seem more interesting to read and also includes its left wing bias views to influence their readers opinion when reading.
Layout and style: The page is very busy filled, mainly by the big, bold headlines as expected features of a tabloid to make the paper stand out and exaggerate the headlines. Also, the page is usually filled more by pictures so that readers get the visual aspect while reading the paper. Unlike broadsheets, this tabloid is colourful and uses many different fonts to make it fun to read and also to appeal to their target audience. The bigger the headline, the more important the story that they focus on so for this paper it would be the story about the queen as it fills most of the page. The actual caption it much smaller.

The Daily Telegraph:
Masthead: The masthead is much bigger in this paper as it is a broadsheet and the name id very important when readers are looking for the paper. The name that is in bold has connotations of an old Britain and not up to date as it has 'telegraph' in the name but also has connotations of a classic paper. Also, similarly in this paper, it has the word daily in to inform the readers that the paper runs everyday so readers know they can buy it more often. This paper also has the poppy in its masthead to show respect for remembrance day.
Language: In this paper there is a more formal tone showing that this paper is more for the well-educated reader as it uses more of a higher vocabulary. This paper also had typical broadsheet features, full of statistics, facts and quotations from the people in the stories. The writing is more sophisticated and there is more of it full of technical terminology. The headlines are direct and less opinionated even though this paper is more pro right wing.
Layout and style: Unlike tabloids, this paper has more writing rather than pictures as it is a broadsheet so that more articles can fit on the page. In this paper there is mainly only one picture surrounded by writing which doesn't all link with the picture as there are many articles. The headlines aren't as big and bold so don't take up much room and the font is more sophisticated. This paper isn't as colourful so does not stand out but is for readers who prefer to read more. The page is busy but organised into columns which sub-headings to define the articles.

Newspaper circulation and readership

Newspaper data sheet from Great Baddow High School Media

Observations:

- The Sun has the highest print circulation and readership whereas the Guardian has the lowest.

- The Daily Mail has the highest online (PC) circulation/readership whereas The Times has the lowest.

- The Daily Mail has the highest Facebook likes, The Guardian has the highest Twitter and Instagram followers. The Times has the lowest Facebook likes, The Daily Express has the lowest Twitter and Instagram Followers.

- The Telegraph has the highest 65+ audience, whereas The Independent has the lowest 65+ audience because it is all on the internet so has a younger audience.

- The Times was established first and the Independent was established last.

News Values

Gatekeeping - A term which is applied to the editing and filtering process where decisions are made to let some information 'pass through' to the receiver (audience) and other information remains barred.

News Values - Galtung and Ruge:

In 1965 some media researchers analysed international news stories to find out what kind of stories came top of the news 'agenda' worldwide. Their findings led them to creating a list of 'news values' - A kind of scoring system. A story that scores highly on each news value is very likely to make the front page, or the start of a TV news bulletin.


newspaper terminology

News terminology from Great Baddow High School Media

Intro to news, Tabloids and Broadsheets

News intro and language from Great Baddow High School Media

Notes:

Paper 1: Section A (45 marks)
-News and online:
An in depth study of online, social and participatory
AND
An in depth study of offline, print newspapers

Overview:
-Newspapers have been around since the mid 17th century (probably earlier in some forms).
-Until the 20th century (and the intro of audio visual broadcasting - radio/pathe news) newspapers were the primary means of bringing news to the public.
-Unlike news broadcasting, newspapers do not have to be impartial - they are allowed to show their political bias.
-They are largely self regulating. They have a regulating body- IPSO the independent Press Standards organisation (formerly the press complaints commission).
- Leveson inquiry 2011 - in response to allegations of phone hacking ate the News of The World (amongst others) was carried out. It suggested a code of conduct and tighter controls be imposed - nothing has really happened about this (apart from the new IPSO instead of the PCC)
- The newspaper industry is largely in decline in terms of print circulation. Newspapers have had to adapt and move online in a bid for survival.

CODES AND CONVENTIONS:
Broadsheet features:
-Formal
-Older audience
-A,B,C1 - Upper/middle class
-Business/professional
-Mainly text, multiple articles, serious
-Dull/plain
-small font
-minimal small photos
-Quality and serious headlines

Tabloid Features:
-Popular
-Informal
-Entertainment
-celebrities, TV, gossip, reality
-many big photos (mostly of people)
-Lots of advertisement
-Bright, big headlines - puns/jokes
- C2, D,E - Lower social groups
-Use of gimmicks - Bingo, free travel tickets etc.

Populars (Tabloid):
-The sun
-Daily mirror
-Daily Star

Mid Market:
-Daily mail
-Metro
-Sunday express

Quality (Broadsheet):
-Daily Telegraph
-The I
-The Time